# India Archives - Anirudhha Shirke

Drug Addiction in Youth

Drug addiction in youth globally has been an epidemic, having an impact on individuals, families, and the whole community. It affects both men and women with this problem. Drug addiction among youth has become difficult because of different kinds of drugs, underlying causes of addiction, control strategies, the importance of recovery homes, recovery drives, and awareness programs. To achieve a drug free India, it is important that all stakeholders take active participation.

Types of drug addiction among youth in India

Alcoholism: Youth alcoholism is widespread throughout the nation. The social approval of consuming alcohol and cultural acceptance of the substance have led to its pervasiveness among populations. But too much of anything becomes a vice if not taken under control, and it will become the mother of all bad.
Prescription Drug Abuse: This means taking prescribed drugs improperly or taking someone else’s prescribed drugs, frequently getting them without a valid doctor’s order.
Tobacco Addiction: In India, tobacco addiction, smoking, and chewing or consuming tobacco products have become major problems for the youth. Wide accessibility and inexpensive pricing for tobacco goods have driven up the rate of dependency.
Illicit Drug Use: In India, youth are getting more invested in drug abuse, such as cannabis, heroin, cocaine, or synthetic drugs. These drugs have bad Health and Social effects.

Factors contributing to drug addiction in youth

Social pressure: It has an important role to play in starting drug use among them. Because of pressure from peers and society, these kids might use drugs to match their expectations or to be accepted.
Stress and Mental Health Issues: Young people often have different pressures in terms of stress management and mental health issues like domestic duties, cultural expectations, or gender based violence. They may resort to drugs for relief.
Accessibility: Factors such as the easy availability of alcohol, tobacco, and prescription drugs contribute to addictions. Over The Counter (OTC) drugs aren’t regulated strongly enough. Unfortunately, liquor is loosely controlled, with no enforced age restriction for sale.
Lack of Awareness: Some young people simply aren’t aware of the dangers of substance dependency or how to seek help and support.

Government of India’s Control Measures

Policy Framework: The government of India needs to frame a drug de-addiction policy. It will deal with alcohol and drug addiction issues among the young, involving prevention, cure, and reintegration measures.
Funding Allocation: Drug addiction, prevention and treatment initiatives must be sufficiently financed.
Research and Data Collection: To adapt to evolving addiction dynamics, continuous research and data collection are key to understanding these changes and crafting interventions accordingly.
Rehabilitation Facilities: The government should establish comprehensive services such as state of art rehabilitation centers all over India for the youth affected by addiction.
Controlled Sales: Government must regulate the sale of tobacco and alcohol. The emphasis must be on age verification and legitimate vendors. Close monitoring of pharmacies must prevent the sale of prescription drugs over the counter without supporting documents.
Border Control: The action need to be taken across international borders to prevent illegally narcotics import to the country.
Strict Laws and Enforcement: The government must impose strict legal measures on drug consumption, production, distribution, storage, and trafficking. Penalties ought to have been severe to prevent perpetrators.
Awareness Campaigns: We need public awareness programs to inform youths of the dangers of drugs and where to seek support. These campaigns need to cover urban and rural both areas.
School Based Education: Schools must have substance use prevention education in the curriculum to teach kids at a young age the dangers of these things.

Drug Free India through collective efforts

Society Participation: Community leaders, youth groups, and society organisations ought to take part in awareness creation campaigns and rehabilitation endeavours.
Media Engagement: Media plays an important part in alerting the public at large about the drug problem among youth and for a drug free India.
International Cooperation: India should work with neighbouring countries and international organisations to combat illicit drug trafficking and transnational drug smuggling.
Empowerment and Support: Educating youth, providing opportunities for education and employment, and fostering community support can drastically decrease youngsters’ exposure to drugs.
Primary Healthcare: Integration of de-addiction programs with the primary healthcare system will facilitate accessibility and early intervention.
Collaboration with NGOs: Partnering with NGOs can extend the scope of de-addiction programs as well as adopt a holistic strategy.

Drug addiction among youth needs immediate attention. We need to talk about all sorts of addictions, discover the causes behind them, and devise a holistic strategy including robust legislation, education, rehab clinics, and awareness initiatives. All stakeholders governments, civil society, and the public must come together to make India free from drugs and contribute towards the proper upbringing and welfare of a better world for our youths. Together, we can address this problem and ensure youth live happy, drug-free life.

English Article # India

Nutrition Initiatives in India

Health being critical to the life expectancy of every individual and of the nation as a whole, and being critical too in large countries such as India. Nutrition initiatives in India being one of the key factors that influence that aspect of health. While India has made strides in rapid economic progress, it still struggles with the issue of poor nutrition for thousands of its people often among the youngest.

The Indian economy may be experiencing unprecedented growth but despite this millions of its population, particularly children remain malnourished which is a persistent challenge in India.

To address this challenge, the Government of India is implementing various nutrition programmes, including several PPPs. In this piece we look at why nutrition initiatives in India are important and how Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are key to fighting malnutrition, particularly among children.

How Common is Malnutrition in India

“Malnutrition continues to be one of the most severe public health challenges in India, impacting across all age groups and social strata,”. The worst part about malnutrition is the affect it can have on children. NFHS-5 data from 2019–20 shows nearly 35% of Indian children below five years suffer from stunting implying chronic malnourishment. Furthermore, 21 percent of kids in this same age group are wasted, representing severe malnutrition. These figures make an immediate case for comprehensive nutritional programs.

Nutrition Initiatives By Indian Government

Indian government have also introduced various program for improving the nutritional position of its citizens against malnutrition. Some of the notable initiatives include:

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): It is one of the largest and most important nutrition initiatives in India. ICDS, implemented by 14 lakh Anganwadi workers, provides a range of services including nutritious meals, preventive healthcare, and early learning programs for infants, young children, and pregnant mothers. The scheme functions through a network of Anganwadi centres spread all over the country.

Poshan Abhiyan (National Nutrition Mission): Launched in 2018, Poshan Abhiyan seeks to eradicate under nutrition, stunting and wasting of children, adolescent and pregnant women. It highlights the co-ordination of multiple Government programs for improving nutrition.

Mid Day Meal Scheme: It is a free school meal program which makes the children go to school on schedule and have better nutrition.

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY): PMMVY gives money to pregnant women and nursing mother’s dietary requirement at the time of pregnancy, ante-natal and postnatal period.

Public-Private Partnerships in Nutrition

While these government driven interventions have made progress in tackling undernutrition, PPP has come to be recognised as an essential element in the approach. They channel the assets, capabilities, and creativity of the private sector to complement Government initiatives. Some notable PPP initiatives in the nutrition sector include:

Akshaya Patra Foundation: Akshaya Patra is an NPO that works collaboratively with the Indian Government to support the MDMS. It runs modern kitchens to serve healthy food to schoolchildren, helping the youngsters get the required nourishments for growth and improvement.

Project RISHTA (Reducing Inequities in Nutrition and Healthcare through Sustainable Action): Project RISHTA, a collective effort of Government, Non Government Organizations and Corporate Partners is focused on addressing Maternal and Child Nutrition issues. The program blends collective action programs with private sector funding to drive the nutrition impacts forward.

Nestlé’s Healthy Kids Program: Through its partnership with different state governments, Nestle India is running the Healthy Kids Program, aiming at imparting nutrition education as well as healthy consumption patterns to children who go to school. This effort spreads awareness on the significance of having a balanced meal.

Do read Enhancing Healthcare in Bhutan article.

Advantages of Public Private Partnerships in Nutrition Programmes:

The involvement of the private sector in nutrition initiatives offers several advantages

Resource Mobilization: PPPs raise additional financing, including private sector investment, foundational giving, corporate social responsibility funds and thus increase funding to nutrition programs.
Innovation and Efficiency: They also frequently provide novel approaches, technology, and management practices that can improve nutrition programmes’ efficacy and value for money.
Scaling Up: Working together allows for the multiplication of actions to combat malnutrition, allowing more people to benefit and having an even greater positive effect.
Sustainability: PPPs promote the sustainability of nutrition programs by involving diverse actors motivated to ensure positive outcomes.

Challenges and the Way Forward

Despite the potential of PPPs to combat malnutrition, there are still obstacles. The successful implementation of innovations requires improved government-private sector alignment, fair advantage sharing, and robust accountability measures.

Finally, nutritional intervention programs in India such as child malnutrition reduction has a great potential to improve child health of the nation. This holistic approach in conjunction with the government initiatives and public private partnerships is testimony to the seriousness the Government of India exhibits towards tackling this challenging problem. By working in partnership, India can make enormous strides towards decreasing malnutrition levels for its young ones, leading to brighter and healthier lives.

# India English Article

Maternal and Child Health Programs in India

Maternal and child health is critical aspect of a nation’s overall well-being. In India, ensuring the well-being of mothers and children is a top priority. Maternal and child health programs have been instrumental in addressing this issue. Focus must be on awareness campaigns and clinics to promote better health outcomes. This article explores the importance of maternal and child health programs in India and how they are actively promoting health through awareness campaigns and clinics.

Maternal and Child Health in India

Maternal and child health remain major concerns in India due to various factors, including poverty, inadequate access to healthcare, and cultural practices. High maternal and child mortality rates persist in many regions, particularly in rural areas. It necessitates targeted interventions to improve the health and well being of mothers and children across the country.

Awareness Campaigns: A Key Component

Awareness campaigns play a pivotal role in maternal and child health programs in India. These campaigns are designed to educate and inform communities about the importance of prenatal and postnatal care, nutrition, vaccination, and family planning. They address misconceptions, superstitions, and cultural practices that can negatively impact maternal and child health.

One of the most successful awareness campaigns in India is the “Janani Suraksha Yojana” (JSY), or Safe Motherhood Scheme. Launched in 2005, JSY encourages women to seek skilled prenatal and postnatal care by providing conditional cash incentives. This program has significantly increased institutional deliveries and reduced maternal mortality rates in several states.

Moreover, initiatives like the “Pulse Polio Immunization Campaign” have been crucial in promoting child health. These campaigns aim to eradicate polio by conducting massive immunization drives across the country. It ensures that every child receives the necessary vaccinations.

Clinics: A Hub for Healthcare Delivery

Healthcare clinics are fundamental to maternal and child health programs in India. These clinics serve as accessible points of care for expectant mothers and children. Its beneficiary especially in rural and remote areas where healthcare facilities are often scarce. They offer a range of services, including antenatal and postnatal check-ups, immunizations, family planning, and nutritional counselling.

One notable example is the “Anganwadi” system, a network of rural childcare centers. These centers provide essential healthcare services and nutrition supplements to pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children under the age of six. The Anganwadi workers are trained to monitor the health and growth of children, counsel mothers. They refer severe cases to higher level healthcare facilities.

Additionally, community health clinics and mobile health units have been established to bridge the healthcare gap in underserved areas. These clinics offer maternal and child health services, making healthcare more accessible to marginalised populations.

Challenges and Future Directions

While maternal and child health programs in India have made significant progress, several challenges persist. These challenges include

Regional Disparities: Maternal and child health indicators vary widely across states in India. Addressing regional disparities remains a critical challenge for policymakers.
Quality of Care: Ensuring the quality of Healthcare services, especially in rural areas, is essential to improving health outcomes.
Social Determinants: Poverty, lack of education, and cultural practices continue to influence maternal and child health. Addressing these social determinants is crucial.
Healthcare Infrastructure: Expanding healthcare Infrastructure and increasing the number of skilled healthcare workers, especially in rural areas, is essential.

In the future, India’s maternal and child health programs must focus on enhancing the quality of care, strengthening the healthcare system. Continued investment in awareness campaigns and clinics will be essential to achieving these goals.

Conclusion

Maternal and child health programs in India have made significant strides in promoting health through awareness campaigns and clinics. These initiatives have helped reduce maternal and child mortality rates, increase institutional deliveries, and improve child immunization rates. However, there is a need for sustained efforts to bridge regional disparities, improve Healthcare Infrastructure, and address social determinants of health. With continued commitment from the government and civil society, India can further enhance the well-being of its mothers and children. It ensures a brighter and healthier future for the nation.

# India English Article

Mobile Banking Services in Remote Areas of India

Mobile Banking services have the potential to transform the lives of millions of Indians in remote areas by providing access to financial services. India faces unique challenges in providing basic banking facilities to rural areas due to its vast and diverse nature. There are large areas without banks in these countries, which excludes millions of people from formal financial services. Implementing a ‘Digital India‘ through Mobile Banking Services can significantly enhance community participation in areas where it plays a crucial role.

The deep penetration of mobile phones in India helps in offering mobile banking services to the masses. In this article, we take a look at the significance of making mobile banking services available in India’s rural locations. Even discuss the role of communities along with customised solutions.

I. Advantages of mobile banking services

As smartphone use was extensive in almost all areas, coupled with an increased coverage of mobile networks, mobile banking services became very popular in India. This includes banking features such as balance inquiries, payments, access to loans, and many other services.

Financial Inclusion: These solutions offer access to simple banking through mobile phones. It contributes to reducing dependence on informal financial systems and expanding financial inclusion.
Convenience and Accessibility: It provides round-the-clock ease of access to the financial system. It gives rural customers a better experience when using mobile banking.
Digital Literacy: Mobile banking services enhance rural communities’ digital literacy and financial education. This boosts their participation in the formal economy.

II. The Role of Community Involvement:

To effectively implement and promote mobile banking in India’s rural areas, it is crucial to involve and gain community trust. Local communities get the advantages and are responsible for the sustainable development of these systems. The following points highlight the importance of community engagement:

Trust and Acceptance: Rural communities’ involvement in mobile banking service design, testing, and deployment fosters trust and reliance within their community. They can be useful in providing services customised to local needs and desires.
Overcoming Barriers: Communities are well equipped to identify and address local issues that hinder the adoption of mobile banking. The issues such as language barriers or inadequate infrastructure. With this knowledge in hand, they are able to design and implement new services that address these barriers.
Promotion: Active communities can be champions for mobile banking solutions, promoting adoption among members of their community. It reaps the benefits of increasing financial inclusion.

III. Tailoring Solutions for Rural India

Every village in India has its own set of challenges and opportunities. As such, locally relevant mobile banking solutions need to be tailored. Some key considerations include:

Infrastructure: Check the presence of a mobile network, electricity, and an internet connection.
Language and Cultural Sensitivity: Different languages and cultures exist in rural India; acknowledge them. Ensure mobile banking interface localisation during customer services. Make sure that services are provided with cultural awareness and in the local languages.
Financial Literacy: Educate rural populations about the benefits and responsible use of mobile banking through financial literacy programs. Such program design must include the requirements and skills of each community.
Security and Trust: It’s essential for companies involved in collecting sensitive consumer data, such as financial information, to put in place strong safeguards to keep that data safe. Establishing trust will be key to gaining widespread acceptance of mobile banking.

Conclusion

By making formal financial services accessible in remote areas, mobile banking can change the lives of millions of people in India. Active participation and engagement from communities and relevant actors are crucial for community led efforts to thrive and be long lasting. We needed customised solutions for a diversity of challenges and possibilities in different areas. India can advance monetary incorporation and money related power for all nationals by prioritizing these considerations in the roll out of mobile banking.